11款最聪明的AI聊天机器人 与真人简直没法区分–ELIZA Chatbot(6/11)

11款最聪明的AI聊天机器人 与真人简直没法区分–ELIZA Chatbot(6/11)


ELIZA Chatbot是1966年开发的聊天机器人,最初充当早期自然语言处理(NLP)计算机程序,模拟一位心理治疗师。这是一种临床实践,允许客户在讨论中采取更多的行动,也被称为“以人为中心疗法”。ELIZA Chatbot的开发者是约瑟夫·魏泽鲍姆(Joseph Weizenbaum),他以萧伯纳(George Bernard Shaw)戏剧《Pygmalion》中的角色为其命名,通常被视为第一个聊天机器人。

Eliza parodies a Rogerian therapist, largely by rephrasing many of the patient’s statements as questions and posing them to the patient. Thus, for example, the response to “My head hurts” might be “Why do you say your head hurts?” The response to “My mother hates me” might be “Who else in your family hates you?” ELIZA was named after Eliza Doolittle, a working-class character in George Bernard Shaw’s play Pygmalion, who is taught to speak with an upper class accent.

Additional comments by developer Joseph Weizenbaum:
Eliza is a computer program by Joseph Weizenbaum, which, designed in 1966, is generally recognized as the first chatbot.

Joseph Weizenbaum (Berlin, January 8, 1923 – March 5, 2008) was a German-American author and professor emeritus of computer science at MIT.

Born in Berlin, Germany to Jewish parents, he escaped Nazi Germany in 1935, emigrating with his family to the United States. He started studying mathematics in 1941 in the US, but his studies were interrupted by the war, during which he served in the military. Around 1952 he worked on analog computers, and helped create a digital computer for Wayne State University. In 1956 he worked for General Electric on ERMA, a computer system that introduced the use of the magnetically-encoded fonts imprinted on the bottom border of checks. This allowed automated check processing via Magnetic Ink Character Recognition, and in 1964 took a position at MIT.

Until his death he was Chairman of the Scientific Council at the Institute of Electronic Business in Berlin. In addition to working at MIT, Weizenbaum held academic appointments at Harvard, Stanford and the University of Bremen, and other universities. Weizenbaum was reportedly buried at the Jewish Cemetery in Berlin. A memorial service was held in Berlin on March 18, 2008.