New York, NY 10027, Top 100 Universities in USA 2014 – Rank – 11, Columbia University In New York
New York, NY 10027, Top 100 Universities in USA 2014 – Rank – 11, Columbia University In New York
Columbia University in the City of New York
116th St & Broadway, New York, NY 10027, United States
Columbia University in the City of New York, commonly referred to as Columbia University, is an American private Ivy Leagueresearch university located in the Morningside Heights neighborhood of Upper Manhattan in New York City. It is the oldest institution of higher learning in the State of New York, the fifth oldest in the United States, and one of the country’s nine Colonial Collegesfounded before the American Revolution.[5] Today the university operates Columbia Global Centers overseas in Amman, Beijing,Istanbul, Paris, Mumbai, Rio de Janeiro, Santiago and Nairobi.[6]
The university was founded in 1754 as King’s College by royal charter of George II of Great Britain. After the American Revolutionary War, King’s College briefly became a state entity, and was renamed Columbia College in 1784. The University now operates under a 1787 charter that places the institution under a private board of trustees, and in 1896 it was further renamed Columbia University.[7]That same year, the university’s campus was moved from Madison Avenue to its current location in Morningside Heights, where it occupies more than six city blocks, or 32 acres (13 ha).[8] The university encompasses twenty schools and is affiliated with numerous institutions, including Teachers College (which is Columbia University’s Graduate School of Education), Barnard College, and theUnion Theological Seminary, with joint undergraduate programs available through the Jewish Theological Seminary of America as well as the Juilliard School.[9]
Columbia annually administers the Pulitzer Prize.[10] 101 Nobel Prize laureates have been affiliated with the university as students, faculty, or staff, the second most of any institution in the world. Columbia is one of the fourteen founding members of the Association of American Universities, and was the first school in the United States to grant the M.D. degree.[7][11] Notable alumni and former students of the university and its predecessor, King’s College, include five Founding Fathers of the United States; nine Justices of theUnited States Supreme Court;[12] 43 Nobel Prize laureates;[13] 20 living billionaires;[14] 28 Academy Award winners;[15] and 29 heads of state, including three United States Presidents.
Research and rankings
| University rankings | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| ARWU[80] | 7 |
| Forbes[81] | 5 |
| U.S. News & World Report[82] | 4 |
| Washington Monthly[83] | 32 |
| Global | |
| ARWU[84] | 8 |
| QS[85] | 11 |
| Times[86] | 12 |
Dodge Hall
Columbia was the first North American site where the uranium atom was split. It was the birthplace of FM radio and the laser.[87] TheMPEG-2 algorithm of transmitting high quality audio and video over limited bandwidth was developed by Dimitris Anastassiou, a Columbia professor of electrical engineering. Biologist Martin Chalfie was the first to introduce the use of Green Fluorescent Protein(GFP) in labelling cells in intact organisms.[88] Other inventions and products related to Columbia include Sequential Lateral Solidification (SLS) technology for making LCDs, System Management Arts (SMARTS), Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) (which is used for audio, video, chat, instant messaging and whiteboarding), pharmacopeia, Macromodel (software for computational chemistry), a new and better recipe for glass concrete, Blue LEDs, and Beamprop (used in photonics).[89] Columbia scientists have been credited with about 175 new inventions in the health sciences each year.[89] More than 30 pharmaceutical products based on discoveries and inventions made at Columbia are on the market today. These include Remicade (for arthritis), Reopro (for blood clot complications),Xalatan (for glaucoma), Benefix, Latanoprost (a glaucoma treatment), shoulder prosthesis, homocysteine (testing for cardiovascular disease), and Zolinza (for cancer therapy).[90] Columbia Technology Ventures (formerly Science and Technology Ventures) currently[when?] manages some 600 patents and more than 250 active license agreements.[90] Patent-related deals earned Columbia more than $230 million in the 2006 fiscal year, according to the university, more than any university in the world.[91]
Columbia University was ranked fourth amongst the top U.S. national universities for 2014 as per U.S. News & World Report.[92] In theCenter for Measuring University Performance, administered by Arizona State University, Columbia has been ranked first (tied with MIT,Stanford University and Penn) in the United States. The ranking takes into account total research, federal research, endowment assets, annual giving, National Academy members, faculty awards, doctorates granted, postdoctoral appointees, and undergraduate SAT/ACT range.[93] In 2012, Columbia was ranked #8 in ARWU,[94] #11 in QS, and #13 by Times Higher Education in the world.[86]Prior national rankings include #6 by HRLR,[95] #7 by ARWU,[94] and #5 by Forbes.[96] Columbia’s colleges and schools are also ranked by several independent bodies. For 2011, the College & School of Engineering (undergraduate) was ranked #4 nationally byU.S. News & World Report,[97] the Graduate School of Arts #10,[98] the Columbia Business School #3 by The Wall Street Journal[99]the Teachers College #2 by U.S. News & World Report,[100] the Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science(graduate) #14,[101] the Columbia Law School #3,[102] the College of Physicians and Surgeons #8 for research and #43 for primary care,[103] the Mailman School of Public Health #5,[104] and the School of International and Public Affairs #8.[105][106] Additionally, Columbia’s School of Social Work is ranked #4,[107] its Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation #2,[108] and itsGraduate School of Journalism #1.[109][110]
In the last 12 years (1996–2008), 18 Columbia affiliates have won Nobel Prizes, of whom nine are current[when?] faculty members while one is an adjunct senior research scientist (Daniel Tsui) and the other a Global Fellow (Kofi Annan).[111] Columbia faculty awarded the Nobel Prize include Richard Axel, Martin Chalfie, Eric Kandel, Tsung-Dao Lee, Robert Mundell, Orhan Pamuk, Edmund S. Phelps,Joseph Stiglitz, and Horst L. Stormer.[112] Other awards and honors won by faculty include 30 MacArthur Foundation Award winners,[113] 4 National Medal of Science recipients,[113] 43 National Academy of Sciences Award winners,[113] 20 National Academy of Engineering Award winners,[114] 38 Institute of Medicine of the National Academies Award recipients[115] and 143 American Academy of Arts and Sciences Award winners.
